Open Questions
What is not known yet, and the records requests (GRAMA, FOIA) that would answer it, most important first.
Records requests that would answer them: 47
Copies of every mining-claim location notice, amended notice and affidavit recorded by or for Valar Atomics Inc since 1 September 2026, including the 'RW 453' lode claim (Section 28, T14S R11E, SLM, located 12 September 2026; recording due by about 12 October 2026) and any other 'RW' claims, with recording dates; and a list of all location notices recorded since 1 January 2024 in T13S-T15S, R10E-R12E.
(1) Recordation filings for the RW 453 lode claim and any other claim located by or for Valar Atomics Inc (due by about 11 December 2026), with maintenance-fee or waiver filings; (2) any Notice of Intent to Locate served on surface owners under 43 CFR 3838, and any 43 CFR 3809 notice or plan of operations; (3) the Master Title Plat, land-status records and land patents for T14S R11E Section 28, SLM, showing whether federal parcel 2A-1292-028F is open to mineral entry and whether the United States reserved the minerals under the private parcels; (4) whether BLM will examine the claims' validity (a mineral examination).
For SULA 2095 OBA (Section 16, T14S R11E, Carbon County, Valar Atomics Inc): (1) the application with all attachments and its received date, the development plan, the appraisal and the application materials that supplied the memo's statements about Ward 250 (full power on 21 June 2026, a 'Certificate of Readiness'); (2) the notice file: web-posting date, newspaper affidavit of publication, certified-mail list and receipts under R850-30-500, the RDCC submission and every comment; (3) agendas, minutes, recordings, attendee lists and materials of the Surface Resources Committee (20 and 28 July 2026) and Energy & Minerals Committee (25 August 2026) meetings, and the agency's position on whether those committees are public bodies; (4) correspondence with Valar, Carbon County, the Office of Energy Development and SERDA about Section 16 from 1 January 2024; (5) the executed agreement; (6) any right-of-entry or survey authorization issued to Valar or its contractors; (7) the Utah National Guard lease (SULA 1321) rent and the parcel's revenue history.
(1) Drafts of, and records showing how the commission approved, its 29 June 2026 letter supporting Valar's lease of Section 16; (2) correspondence, calendars and meeting notes between commissioners, the county attorney or planning staff and Valar Atomics, Trust Lands, the Office of Energy Development or SERDA about Valar or Section 16, 1 January 2024 to date; (3) the audio recording of the 19 August 2026 commission meeting (Valar presentation) and any materials Valar provided (Utah Code 52-4-203); (4) any nondisclosure, confidentiality or non-publicity agreement with Valar or its agents; (5) the RDCC notice received about 20 April 2026 and any county reply; (6) the executed $60,000 Carbon-Emery economic development consulting agreement, scope, invoices and reports.
Correspondence, calendars and meeting notes with Valar Atomics staff that mention Carbon County, Wellington, Section 16, trust land, a manufacturing hub or a 'larger piece of property with water', 1 January 2024 to 17 September 2026; and the source of the statement reported by ETV News on 10 October 2025 that Valar's 'current plan' was a manufacturing hub in Carbon County.
(1) The development code sections in force for the Mining & Grazing zone use table and the conditional use procedure (hearing requirement and standards); (2) any land-use application, pre-application meeting note or correspondence from Valar Atomics or for Section 16, T14S R11E; (3) drafts of the planned overlay for 'highly contested industries' and data centers, and the 1 September 2026 Planning Commission audio.
For RDCC project 87203 ('SULA 2095 - Lease Agreement with possible option to purchase'): the distribution list, every comment received, and the Trust Lands submission.
For Ward 250 (Valar Atomics, Utah San Rafael Energy Lab): the fuel specification and core description in the approved PDSA and final DSA; records stating the enrichment and number of fuel blocks actually loaded; core-loading records and startup physics test results; and fuel receipt records at the lab.
For Ward 250: the approved Documented Safety Analysis (including the accident source term and burnup assumptions, the site description and the decay-heat analysis) and its Technical Safety Requirements (power, time allowed at 250 kWth, burnup or full-power-day limit, outlet temperature); DOE's Safety Evaluation Report(s); the approval letters for the NSDA, the Quality Assurance Program Description, the PDSA and the DSA; the readiness assessment report and any 'Certificate of Readiness'; the startup approval and any delegation of the Secretary's authority; Joint Test Group records including its release of Valar; and any approval to exceed 100 kWth or 650 C.
DOE's decisions on each of the six alternatives Valar requested in its NSDA, especially the request for 'on-site emergency response only' under NE O 151.1 and the 10 CFR 851 worker-safety exemption; the approved emergency management program; and any notification arrangement with the State of Utah or Emery County.
Emergency plans, mutual-aid or notification agreements, responder tours, table-top or other exercise records and notification procedures involving Valar or the San Rafael lab; the Ward 250 building's fire protection plans, any third-party plan review report and sign-off; and the building-permit file for Ward 250 (September 2025).
Any agreement between the State of Utah and DOE on notification and coordination for nuclear facilities that covers Ward 250 or the San Rafael lab, and any notification it has produced.
(1) Any application, permit, license or correspondence naming Valar Atomics or the Office of Energy Development under Utah Code 19-3-321 (interim storage of test-reactor waste); (2) the radioactive-materials license held for the San Rafael Energy Lab (holder, conditions, amendments, inspections, notices of violation); (3) any application or correspondence about TRISO fuel fabrication or storage of special nuclear material; (4) the division's report due to the Natural Resources interim committee by 30 November 2026.
For Valar's 'Valarin' TRISO fuel line at the San Rafael lab: the Fuel Line Pilot Program agreement, any NSDA, hazard categorization or safety analysis, the authorization to receive and process uranium, and any quantity limits.
Other Transaction Agreement DENE0009560 with all modifications, milestone reports and deliverables; its waste, spent-fuel and decommissioning terms and the spent-fuel disposition plan (which 'DOE-approved facility', when, who pays); any Price-Anderson indemnity clause; Valar's application scoring on funding sufficiency and any financial assurance; and DOE staff and contractor hours spent on Valar's reviews.
The full file for categorical exclusion DOE-ID-26-005: Valar's environmental checklist or questionnaire, the application, water-use figures, the site-specific seismic information, and correspondence about Valar's other Utah sites; and whether DOE-ID plans a new review for any successor reactor or extended operation.
Case files of UTUT106784007 ('Green River Gigasite Small Modular Reactor/Data Center'), UTUT106801248 ('Project Beehive Small Modular Reactor/Data Center') and UTUT106833224 (distribution line): SF-299 applications, plans of development, maps, pre-application meeting notes, cost-recovery agreements, correspondence with Valar, any withdrawal letter and any NEPA documents.
For the Utah San Rafael Energy Lab: the site plan; the use or lease agreement with Valar and all amendments; payments from Valar into the Utah Energy Research Fund; financial-assurance, bond or insurance documents; any agreement controlling public access to land around the lab (out to 400 m from the reactor); and the 'Project Valar' proposal and evaluation the Energy Research Board approved on 13 August 2025, with the meeting recording.
The requisition and position description for the lab's Safety Manager (requisition 2646, posted 25 September 2026) showing whether it is new or a replacement; titles and dates of earlier lab safety leads since 1 January 2025; the lab's environmental, health and safety program and emergency plan; contracts for safety or radiation-protection services; and any agreement for lab staff to fill Valar's radiation-safety role.
Ward 250 power-ascension hold-point approvals and power history (operating logs); the test plan and results of the 26 June 2026 loss-of-cooling demonstration; any test report on the 1 July 2026 electricity demonstration (measured electrical output); and all occurrence, noncompliance and accident-investigation reports for Ward 250 and the fuel line.
The Model 9979 application for the Ward 250 fuel blocks and all shipment records under the letter amendment (dates, quantities, consignor, consignee); NMMSS nuclear-material transaction reports for fuel received at the San Rafael lab; any allocation, loan, lease or sale of HALEU to Valar or for Project NOVA; the identity of the TRISO fabricator; and the agreement, statement of work and payments for Los Alamos's NOVA work.
Ward 250's environmental monitoring plan and results, any determination under EPA's radionuclide air rule (40 CFR 61 Subpart H), and any monitoring data or reports Valar sent to state agencies.
Ward Zero test reports and data submitted with the Ward 250 PDSA and DSA (natural circulation, reactor cavity cooling), and DOE's review of them.
Records of meetings, correspondence or pre-application engagement with Valar Atomics since 1 January 2024, about Ward 250, the fuel line or any other site.
Applications and change applications naming Valar Atomics or its agents, statewide, and any filing affecting Section 16, T14S R11E (Area 91) or Valar's Emery County land.
Records the Office of Energy Development withheld or redacted at Valar's request under the May 2025 MOU, Valar's confidentiality designations, and notices sent to Valar about records requests; and the Governor's Office and OED briefing memos, emails and calendars about Valar from 1 January to 31 May 2025.
The deed, if recorded, from Emery County or its Local Building Authority to Valar Atomics Inc for parcel 04-0019-0030; the purchase and sale agreement, both appraisals, title report, due-diligence extension, staging-area agreement and liability release, and the amended property ordinance; the audio of the 7 April 2026 hearing (who said the fence line is 'all the buffer zone needed'); correspondence with Valar from 1 January to 10 August 2026 mentioning Carbon County, Wellington, water or a larger site; any nondisclosure agreement with Valar; and the ordinance adopted on 15 September 2026.
For the REDTIF tax credit approved for Valar on 9 July 2026 (up to $106,737,499): the application, the incentive agreement, the classification decision under Utah Code 63G-2-305(35) and any business-confidentiality claim, the least-redacted minutes, any local incentive proposal, annual job and wage reports, and any incentive discussion about a Carbon County site.
Any board action or staff memo on Emery County's 19 May 2026 resolution removing parcel 04-0019-0030 from the Castle Country project area, the current parcel list and trigger resolutions, and any incentive application from Valar.
Permits, applications, inspections and correspondence naming Valar Atomics or the San Rafael lab since 2025, including any sewer or wastewater permit and any enforcement for the unauthorized tie-in; the district's Valar file and its unposted April and June 2026 minutes.
All drafts of the I-2 'Advanced Energy and Manufacturing District' or nuclear energy ordinance and correspondence with Valar or its counsel since 1 June 2026; the annexation file for Valar's parcel; and Valar's water-connection records and the shares turned in.
Any jurisdiction determination, inspection, complaint or citation concerning Valar Atomics at the San Rafael lab.
The drafting history of the lab's FAQ page and its Valar page; and a request that OED correct the FAQ's promise of NRC Part 50 licensing and NRC-licensed operators and the lab page's 'full-power fueled criticality' on 18 June.
The Phase 1 agreement and deliverables for Valar's $20 million supercritical-CO2 test heater and any Phase 2 proposal or decision; and any Notice of Intent or approval order for a natural-gas heater at 800 N Coal Haul Road, Orangeville, or any Valar air permit in Carbon or Emery County.
The tasking, cost estimate, legal authority and any reimbursement or Economy Act paperwork for Operation Windlord (the 15 February 2026 C-17 airlift of Ward 250), and any DoD-DOE-Valar agreement.
Valar's Nuclear Energy Launch Pad application and acceptance letter (including whether its scope covers any site beyond the San Rafael lab), and its Defense Production Act fuel-cycle consortium participant agreement, capability statement and committee assignments.
The DOE memo and Idaho presentation, reported by ProPublica, that cite shielding cost savings on Valar's reactor in making the case for changing public radiation-dose limits.
The docket of Texas et al. v. NRC (6:24-cv-00507): status reports, stipulations, settlement, dismissal and the list of counsel; and the Attorney General's filings and settlement communications.
The ethics agreement and any recusal or waiver of the Acting Deputy Attorney General covering Texas et al. v. NRC.
Valar Atomics, Inc.'s certificate of incorporation and amendments (formation date, share classes and prices); and, from the company, which securities exemption it used and why no Form D was filed. Also watch Hercules Capital's 10-Q for the quarter ending 30 September 2026 for its share of the credit facility.
Any docket, filing or correspondence naming Valar Atomics (large-load service, interconnection, qualifying facility, behind-the-meter sales).
Community Impact Board applications and awards for the San Rafael lab or the Valar project, 2024-2026; Energy Development Infrastructure Fund awards; and lab capital spending since July 2024 (fencing, security, utilities).
The agreement with Valar Atomics or Valar Atomics Research Institute, the license application to PNRI's regulatory division and the Department of Science and Technology approval.
Wellington: the approved 1 April 2026 Planning and Zoning minutes and recording (data-center moratorium item). East Carbon: recordings and handouts of Valar's 21 July and 1 September 2026 presentations. Green River: minutes or audio of the July and August 2026 'Discuss Nuclear Reactors' items.
Listen to the Public Utilities, Energy and Technology Interim Committee's 20 May 2026 meeting (Valar update, item 9) and note any questions on Carbon County, safety or fuel.
State lobbyist registrations naming Valar as principal; any trademark filings beyond VALAR ATOMICS; state payments to or from Valar.
Ask Valar to publish or state: the as-loaded fuel enrichment and block count; the operating limits DOE approved; measured power history and the 1 July electrical output; its calculation or correction for the spent-fuel 'CT scan' statement; what the 'Ward Zero Whitepaper' page is; what 'Valar Atomics Limited' is; which regulator its 'commercial units' and a Carbon reactor would use; what mineral RW 453 claims and what the Torrance address is; when it chose the Wellington site; its end date for Ward 250; and its external peer reviewers.
Open questions: 123
The Trust Lands memo says the county CUP process requires notice, a hearing and public comment (csite-015); state law does not require a hearing; the county code is on a site our reader may not open.
How to answer: anyone can read the Carbon County Development Code (M&G zone use table and conditional use chapter) on carbon.utah.gov, or ask the Planning & Zoning office (planning@carbon.utah.gov) for the sections in force; watch the November 2026 code-update hearing (csite-013).
The lease terms were shaped there and Valar presented on 28 July, but no public notice or minutes were found (csite-017).
How to answer: GRAMA request to the Utah Trust Lands Administration for agendas, minutes, recordings, attendee lists and materials of those committee meetings, and its position on whether they are public bodies under Utah Code 52-4-103.
The memo describes NRC licensing with public hearings (csite-010), but Valar's reactor is DOE-authorized under a categorical exclusion (csite-020) and its CEO has disputed NRC jurisdiction (csite-022).
How to answer: Ask Valar and DOE Idaho Operations Office directly; FOIA to DOE-ID for any Valar communications about sites other than USREL; watch DOE's B5.26 CX listing and the NRC's pre-application page (a resident, by hand).
Utah's 2026 waste exemption depends on a DWMRC permit and license (csite-023); no public notice was found.
How to answer: GRAMA to the Utah Division of Waste Management and Radiation Control for applications, licenses, permits and correspondence naming Valar Atomics, 2025 to date.
The REDTIF requires local incentive participation approved by the GOED Incentives Committee (csite-024); commissioners have cited the tax benefits of the project (mine-013).
How to answer: GRAMA to the Governor's Office of Economic Opportunity for the Valar REDTIF application, local incentive proposal and agreement; watch Emery and Carbon County Commission and Redevelopment Agency agendas on the Utah Public Notice Website.
It was announced at the 2 September Carbon Commission meeting (mine-041); no later record of it was found, and no public meeting on the Carbon site itself has been held in Carbon County (csite-028).
How to answer: Watch the Carbon County Commission agendas (Utah Public Notice Website body 1148), ETV News and Valar's Castle Country page; ask the county commission office for the date.
The posted notice is for RW 453 in Section 28, two miles south of the lease (csite-019, fld-002); the number suggests a series, no mineral is named, and BLM's layer does not show the claims yet.
How to answer: Carbon County Recorder: copies of location notices recorded by Valar Atomics Inc since 12 September 2026 (due within 30 days of posting, about 12 October 2026 for RW 453; public record). BLM MLRS after recordation (due by about 11 December 2026). anyone can photos and GPS points of any other RW posts.
The memo says notice went out per the rule (csite-005), but the mailing list, dates and the newspaper affidavit are not in the public packets; the web notice appears to have gone up 8 July 2026.
How to answer: GRAMA to the Utah Trust Lands Administration for the SULA 2095 solicitation file: certified-mail receipts, recipient list, newspaper affidavit of publication, RDCC submission and the comment log.
The CX assessed a single 24-month mission and states the proposal was not segmented (csite-021); Valar had other site applications pending at the time.
How to answer: FOIA to DOE Idaho Operations Office for the Ward 250 CX file (DOE-ID-26-005): Valar's environmental questionnaire, the application, and correspondence about other sites.
The RDCC posting (20 April to 18 May 2026) described an industrial and power project without saying nuclear (csite-032); the memo records one comment.
How to answer: GRAMA to the Public Lands Policy Coordinating Office (RDCC) for project 87203: distribution list, all comments and the Trust Lands submission; GRAMA to Carbon County for its 20 April 2026 RDCC contact and any reply.
The notice and agenda named only 'the energy and advanced manufacturing industry'; the materials naming Valar were attached at 1:00 p.m. on 9 July, and the minutes carry a 'PROTECTED BY 63G-2-305(35)' label (csite-024).
How to answer: GRAMA to the Governor's Office of Economic Opportunity for the classification decision on the Valar REDTIF records and the final incentive agreement (subsection 35 does not allow withholding a record evidencing a final contract).
The minutes summarize an Emery update, a promised Price town hall and 'the tax benefits the plant will bring', but do not name the site (csite-026, csite-028).
How to answer: GRAMA to Carbon County (Commission office / Clerk) for the 19 Aug 2026 meeting audio recording, which Utah Code 52-4-203(4)(f) requires be kept available, and any presentation materials Valar provided for the record (52-4-203(4)(d)).
Valar's own post names Utah among the plaintiff states, while the Trust Lands memo presents NRC licensing as a safeguard for the Carbon campus (csite-022).
How to answer: The federal court docket of the suit Valar's post says Texas, Utah and Last Energy filed on 30 Dec 2024 (PACER), and the Utah Attorney General's office.
A lode claim over private minerals is void; over federal minerals under private surface it needs a notice served 30 days before entry (43 CFR 3838.11).
How to answer: BLM Utah State Office / Price Field Office: the Master Title Plat and land patents for T14S R11E Sec. 28 (GLO Records land patents show any Stock-Raising Homestead mineral reservation); any NOITL filed by Valar.
A claim on withdrawn federal land is void.
How to answer: BLM Master Title Plat / land status for T14S R11E Sec. 28 (Price Field Office).
It shows whether the state's lab had its own safety lead while a reactor was being started there.
How to answer: GRAMA request to the Utah Department of Natural Resources / Office of Energy Development: the requisition and position description for this Safety Manager job (creation date, whether new or backfill), the lab's EHS program documents and emergency plan, and any contracts for safety services at USREL.
It shows what radioactive material the state lab itself is licensed for, separate from Valar's DOE-authorized reactor.
How to answer: Utah DEQ Division of Waste Management and Radiation Control: radioactive materials licenses issued to the Utah Office of Energy Development / USREL (public records; GRAMA if not posted).
The suit shapes who regulates Valar's reactors; the local public may not know of it.
How to answer: The court docket (PACER / CourtListener) for the case; ETV, Sun Advocate and Emery County Progress archives.
A Utah DNR 'Safety Manager' listing that involves nuclear work was posted on 25 September 2026 (dir-006). A job listing alone cannot show whether the state has had outside nuclear-safety expertise; payments and contracts can.
How to answer: Transparent Utah (state vendor payments by agency and vendor) for DNR / Office of Energy Development payments to nuclear or radiation-safety firms; a GRAMA request to DNR / OED for consulting contracts and scopes of work for the San Rafael Energy Lab; the listing itself (read on the State of Utah careers site and archived, dir-006).
The New Republic (May 2026) reports he was a lawyer for the corporate plaintiffs and withdrew in January 2026 to join DOJ; the docket itself could not be read (CourtListener and Justia refused).
How to answer: PACER docket of the NRC lawsuit (notice of withdrawal of counsel), or a FOIA to DOJ for his recusal determinations.
It ties the markers to Valar or an affiliate, or to someone else.
How to answer: Read the location notice on the marker. Then look up the claim in BLM's MLRS by name or serial number, and ask the Carbon County Recorder for the recorded location notice (public record).
EDGAR holds no filing by the company; a Form D would name its officers, directors and promoters and the amounts sold (fund-010).
How to answer: Ask Valar's press contact or its counsel (Goodwin Procter). By hand: recheck EDGAR company search for 'Valar Atomics' after each announced round; automated EDGAR tools require a declared contact User-Agent, which this project does not send (no personal information in requests).
Only three investor directors are known, each from press or an investor's page (fund-021); Valar publishes no board list and files no Form D.
How to answer: By hand: the California Secretary of State Statement of Information for Valar Atomics Inc. (registered in California 5 March 2024, orig-052) at bizfileonline.sos.ca.gov; the Delaware Division of Corporations entity record.
No lender or filing names them; TriplePoint's $5M is the only debt visible in filings and was gone by June 2026 (fund-005, fund-006, fund-009).
How to answer: Hercules Capital's Form 10-Q for the quarter ending 30 Sept 2026 (expected around late October 2026; its Q3 2025 report was filed 30 Oct 2025) should list any Valar loan, rate and maturity in its schedule of investments; UCC financing statements naming Valar Atomics, Inc. as debtor (Delaware Department of State UCC search); ask Valar.
The OCC lists Luckey as a director and principal shareholder of Erebor, the facility's administrative agent (fund-009); neither Valar nor its counsel mentioned the tie.
How to answer: Ask Erebor Bank and Valar; FOIA to the OCC for any supervisory correspondence about the Valar facility (likely withheld as confidential supervisory information); watch Senate Banking minority letters on Erebor.
The joint release lists what the lab supplied but not the agreement type or payment (fund-012).
How to answer: FOIA to NNSA (Nevada Field Office) and DOE for the Valar-LANL agreement (cooperative research agreement or strategic partnership project), its statement of work, cost estimate and payments.
DOE has said pilot reactors are covered by Price-Anderson indemnification, with details set in each OTA (fund-014); the OTA is not public.
How to answer: FOIA to DOE Idaho Operations Office for OTA DENE0009560 and modifications, specifically any nuclear hazard indemnity clause; DOE Office of General Counsel for any Price-Anderson determination for Reactor Pilot Program participants.
The safety agreement drops the Financial Qualifications chapter; DOE's RFA asked whether funding covered design to decommissioning (fund-018).
How to answer: FOIA to DOE-ID for Valar's Reactor Pilot Program application scoring on funding sufficiency, the DSA decommissioning chapter and any financial assurance instrument; GRAMA to the Utah Office of Energy Development for any bond, insurance certificate or assurance Valar posted for the San Rafael lab.
The terms of Valar's use of the state lab are not public (fund-015) and no state vendor data were searched (fund-016).
How to answer: By hand: Transparent Utah (transparent.utah.gov) vendor and revenue search for 'Valar'; GRAMA to the Office of Energy Development for the lab use agreement and all invoices to or payments from Valar.
The state allocated $10M to nuclear development in 2025, including an infrastructure fund (fund-022); the lab added DOE-standard fencing and ID checks (gov-014).
How to answer: GRAMA to the Utah Office of Energy Development for Energy Development Infrastructure Fund awards and San Rafael lab capital spending since July 2024, including perimeter fencing, security and utility work for the Valar project.
A research firm lists Series B-2 and B-3 shares issued in March 2026 at $8.13 and $37.67 and B-1/B-4 in August at $96.51 (fund-023); this decides whether the $450M and $1B rounds overlap (fund-008). Valar files no Form D (fund-010).
How to answer: By hand: order a copy of Valar Atomics, Inc.'s current certificate of incorporation and its amendments from the Delaware Division of Corporations (fee); or ask Valar's counsel, Goodwin Procter.
The only account of payment is a think tank relaying the Wall Street Journal ('less than $1 million', paid by Valar); no government record read states it (fund-013).
How to answer: FOIA to the Department of Defense (U.S. Transportation Command and Air Mobility Command) for the airlift request, cost estimate, authority and any reimbursement received from Valar; FOIA to DOE for its role and any cost-sharing record.
The pilot's rules required HALEU users to be in DOE's allocation process and to buy their own feedstock; DOE's shipping review shows HALEU moving from a federal site to Valar (gov-008, gov-032, safe-010).
How to answer: FOIA to DOE Office of Nuclear Energy (HALEU Availability Program) for any allocation, loan, lease or sale of HALEU to Valar Atomics or for Project NOVA/Ward 250; FOIA to NNSA Nevada Field Office and DOE Savannah River Operations Office for the Ward 250 fuel shipment records (dates, quantities, consignor, consignee) and NMMSS transaction reports; ask DOE-NE's press office.
The OTA is on file at $0 and its text is not public; the program's rules say DOE does not charge for its reviews (gov-003, gov-032).
How to answer: FOIA to DOE Idaho Operations Office for OTA DENE0009560 with all modifications and milestone deliverables, and for records of DOE staff and contractor hours (including NRC detailees under the DOE-NRC MOU addendum) spent on the Ward 250 NSDA, PDSA, DSA, readiness review and startup approval.
No DoD award to Valar exists on USAspending and no government record read states the cost or payer (gov-027).
How to answer: FOIA to U.S. Transportation Command / Air Mobility Command and the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment for the Operation Windlord tasking, cost estimate, reimbursement or Economy Act paperwork and any DoD-DOE-Valar agreement; FOIA to DOE for the same.
State law requires the board to approve lab projects and lets the lab contract with users; the minutes record approval after a 35-minute first meeting but not the terms (gov-013, gov-016).
How to answer: GRAMA to the Utah Department of Natural Resources / Office of Energy Development for the 'Project Valar' proposal, the lab's evaluation and recommendation, the site use or lease agreement with Valar and all amendments, payments received into the Utah Energy Research Fund from Valar, and the financial-assurance documents discussed on 13 Aug 2025; also the meeting recording.
The Energy Research Board approved a $400,000 Phase 1 of a $20M Valar-funded project in Feb 2026; no later vote or permit was found (gov-014).
How to answer: GRAMA to OED for the Phase 1 agreement, deliverables and any Phase 2 proposal; GRAMA to the Utah Division of Air Quality for any notice of intent or approval order for a natural-gas heater at 800 N Coal Haul Rd, Orangeville; watch Energy Research Board agendas (Utah Public Notice Website, body 8899).
The county approved a $394,500 direct sale after amending its sealed-bid ordinance; a commissioner said it 'has been sold', but no deed was read (gov-022).
How to answer: Emery County Recorder: deed from Emery County / Emery County Local Building Authority to Valar Atomics Inc for parcel 04-0019-0030 (public record); GRAMA to Emery County for the purchase and sale agreement, both appraisals, the due-diligence extension, the staging-area letter and liability release, and the amended Ordinance 07-18-23A.
The county's resolution and UIPA's plan and public statements disagree; it decides where most new property tax from Valar's land goes for 25 years (gov-018, gov-023). UIPA's 2026 trigger resolution for Castle Country covers only the Fossil Rock Area parcels, so tax-differential collection has not been started on the Valar parcel as of that resolution (gov-018).
How to answer: GRAMA to the Utah Inland Port Authority for any action on Emery County's resolution, the current Castle Country parcel list and trigger resolutions, and any incentive application from Valar; GRAMA to Emery County for the signed resolution and its transmittal to UIPA.
Utah's litigation position (exempt small reactors from NRC licensing) sits beside the governor's public account of NRC oversight (gov-012); readable sources end in September 2025 (safe-028).
How to answer: By hand: PACER docket 6:24-cv-00507 (E.D. Tex.) for status reports, stipulations or dismissal; GRAMA to the Utah Attorney General's Office for filings, the settlement communications and the decision to join.
The Carbon lease memo points to NRC licensing for commercial reactors (csite-010), Valar's job ads mention NRC pathways (safe-032), and nrc.gov refuses our reader.
How to answer: FOIA to the NRC for records of meetings, correspondence or pre-application engagement with Valar Atomics since 2024; by hand: NRC ADAMS search for 'Valar' and the NRC advanced-reactor pre-application page.
Valar signed DOE's nuclear fuel-cycle DPA agreement, which gives antitrust protection for actions under approved Plans of Action (gov-001, gov-002).
How to answer: Watch the Federal Register for DPA consortium meeting notices and the annual participant list; FOIA to DOE Office of Nuclear Energy (Consortium Secretariat) for Valar's participant agreement, capability statement and committee assignments, which the agreement says are public unless exempt.
Launch Pad USA extends DOE authorization to non-federal sites, a possible non-NRC route for a Carbon reactor (gov-010).
How to answer: FOIA to DOE Office of Nuclear Energy and Idaho Operations Office for Valar's Launch Pad application and NRIC's acceptance letter; ask NRIC (INL) for its public Launch Pad participant scopes.
The written record is a 17-slide photo deck and a one-line minute (gov-019).
How to answer: anyone can listen to the committee's posted audio for meeting 20670 on le.utah.gov (item 9, 3:25 to 3:45 p.m.) and note any questions and answers.
The state's signed MOU named DOE rules and the state was suing the NRC, while the governor spoke of NRC oversight (gov-012).
How to answer: GRAMA to the Governor's Office and the Office of Energy Development for briefing memos, emails and calendars about Valar Atomics from 1 January 2025 to 31 May 2025, and for the May 16, 2025 MOU transmittal.
Ward 250, the lab's only operating reactor, has DOE authorization and no NRC licences (gov-026).
How to answer: Ask OED / the lab through its 'Submit a Question' page; GRAMA to OED for the FAQ's drafting history.
The MOU cites Ward 250 as its foundation and anticipates out-of-state spent fuel and high-level waste; either party may end it if no Host Agreement is signed by 30 Sept 2026 (gov-030).
How to answer: Watch energy.utah.gov and governor.utah.gov releases; GRAMA to OED for the Host Agreement and site proposals; FOIA to DOE-NE for the same.
The exemption fits Ward 250 but depends on a state permit and license not found in public records; no DWMRC board agenda from May 2025 to Sept 2026 names Valar (gov-017).
How to answer: GRAMA to Utah DEQ / DWMRC for any application, permit or license naming Valar Atomics or the Office of Energy Development under 19-3-321 and 19-14-103; read DWMRC's report due to the Natural Resources interim committee by 30 November 2026.
No congressional record naming Valar was found, but congress.gov bars Claude's readers, so the search was incomplete (gov-004).
How to answer: By hand: search congress.gov (Congressional Record, committee hearings) and govinfo.gov (CHRG, CREC) for 'Valar'; FOIA to DOE's Office of Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs for correspondence from members of Congress about Valar Atomics or Ward 250.
Valar told the state lab board a DOE team of 18-20 experts had evaluated the site and a report was imminent; no DOE readiness report or startup approval is public (gov-037, safe-007).
How to answer: FOIA to DOE Idaho Operations Office and Office of Nuclear Energy for the Ward 250 readiness assessment plan, team membership by role, final readiness report, findings and corrective actions, and the startup authorization; GRAMA to OED / the San Rafael Energy Lab for any copy provided to the state.
Valar promised on 7 April 2026 'to be open with all plans'; the state's Wellington lease map is dated 9 April (gov-038, mine-048).
How to answer: GRAMA to Emery County for correspondence with Valar Atomics from 1 Jan to 10 Aug 2026 mentioning Carbon County, Wellington, water or a larger site; GRAMA to the Trust Lands Administration for the date and text of Valar's lease application for the Wellington section.
A Carbon commissioner said in August 2026 that NDAs on economic-development projects are usually companies' demand (loc-002); the county's own 19 Aug minutes record it kept a 'strict' NDA on a Georgia-Pacific factory prospect until that deal ended (loc-036); the Wellington site stayed off county agendas until after the state vote (loc-012).
How to answer: GRAMA request to the Carbon County Clerk/Auditor and to Emery County for any nondisclosure, confidentiality or non-publicity agreement with Valar Atomics Inc. or its agents, 2024 to date, with related correspondence.
ETV reports of both meetings name no site (loc-012); minutes are not yet posted.
How to answer: Watch East Carbon City's minutes on the Utah Public Notice Website (entity 117, council body 2883); GRAMA to East Carbon City for the recordings and any Valar handouts.
Minutes say the draft goes through the city's and Valar's attorneys (loc-013); zoning decides what Valar can build on the annexed land.
How to answer: GRAMA request to Orangeville City for all drafts of the I-2 / nuclear energy ordinance and correspondence with Valar Atomics or its counsel since 1 June 2026; watch Orangeville Planning and Zoning notices (body 1797) for a hearing.
Valar said on 13 August it was waiting on a clean title and the mayor cited mineral rights, while other officials and UIPA describe the land as sold (loc-014).
How to answer: Emery County Recorder: search for a deed from Emery County / Emery County Local Building Authority to Valar Atomics Inc for parcel 04-0019-0030 (public record); GRAMA to Emery County for the closing documents and title report.
CVSSD's March 2026 minutes record Valar tying into the sewer without authorization and sewer plans not submitted to the state (loc-015).
How to answer: GRAMA to the Utah Division of Water Quality for permits, applications, inspections and correspondence naming Valar Atomics or the San Rafael Energy Lab, 2025 to date; GRAMA to Castle Valley SSD for its Valar file and the 16 April 2026 minutes.
Fire district minutes say state agencies declined plan review and recommended a third-party review; the matter was later called 'addressed' without detail (loc-018).
How to answer: GRAMA to the Emery County Fire Protection Special Service District and the Emery County Building Department for the fire protection plans, any third-party plan review report and sign-off; GRAMA to the Utah State Fire Marshal's office for its correspondence about Valar.
The two differ roughly ninefold and DOE's review mentions no industrial water (loc-025).
How to answer: FOIA to DOE Idaho Operations Office for the environmental checklist Valar submitted for CX DOE-ID-26-005; GRAMA to Orangeville City and CVSSD for Valar's water connection records and the shares turned in; ask Valar to state its annual water use for the reactor and the fuel plant.
No Valar water application has appeared in the State Engineer's notices (loc-031); Orangeville itself holds about 998 Class A Cottonwood Creek shares (loc-017).
How to answer: Watch 'Notice to Water Users' in ETV News and the state legal-notice site for Valar's name; owner search at waterrights.utah.gov by owner 'Valar'; ask Valar and the Cottonwood Creek Consolidated Irrigation Company.
Carbon approved it right after a Valar presentation (loc-029).
How to answer: GRAMA to Carbon County and Emery County for the executed agreement, scope of work, invoices and reports, and any disclosure of the consultant's other clients.
On 19 Aug Valar told the Carbon commission it would hold a town hall in Price and an open house 'within the next 30 to 45 days'; on 2 Sept it said late September or early October (loc-012, loc-001). None was found held or scheduled as of 29 Sept 2026.
How to answer: Watch ETV News, Carbon County Commission notices (body 1148) and Valar's Castle Country page; ask the Carbon County Commission office for the date.
The item predates the state's first public notice of the lease application (20 April, csite-032) and the campus plan includes data centers (csite-007).
How to answer: GRAMA to Wellington City (Recorder) for the approved 1 April 2026 Planning & Zoning minutes and recording.
Emery County has two nuclear proposals near Green River (Valar's BLM application and the Blue Castle/Holtec project, loc-020).
How to answer: Listen to the posted audio (Utah Public Notice Website, Green River body 422) or GRAMA to Green River City for minutes.
It is the earliest local record of a Valar plan in Carbon County (loc-034); it names no site, and no Carbon record names the Wellington site before the state vote (loc-012).
How to answer: GRAMA request to Carbon County (Commission and economic development office) and to the Utah Office of Energy Development for correspondence and meeting notes with Valar Atomics mentioning Carbon County, 2024 to date; ask ETV News for the source of the 10 Oct 2025 statement.
The lab director told local readers no dose above background is allowed at the boundary; Valar's own draft safety agreement calculates up to 0.1-0.5 rem there in its worst case (loc-035).
How to answer: FOIA to DOE Idaho Operations Office for its approval letter and safety evaluation of the Ward250 Nuclear Safety Design Agreement and any final (non-draft) revision; GRAMA to the Utah Office of Energy Development for USREL's lease terms and any safety review of Valar.
Valar gave figures from 15-20 full-time site staff to 120 people in Emery (many out of state, Apr 2026) and 40 local hires (Aug 2026); the state tax credit rests on 275 projected jobs (loc-004).
How to answer: GRAMA request to the Governor's Office of Economic Opportunity for Valar's incentive application and any annual job and wage reports under its post-performance tax credit agreement.
Water is fully appropriated at the Carbon site (mine-017); Valar described plans for up to 1,000 shares for future growth in Emery County (mine-042). Change applications are publicly advertised and open to protest.
How to answer: anyone can search waterrights.utah.gov by owner name 'Valar' and by the Sec. 16 T14S R11E and Emery parcel locations (our tools are barred by robots.txt); or GRAMA to the Utah Division of Water Rights for applications naming Valar Atomics or its agents.
Valar told The Washington Sun it applied for survey access and dropped the site; BLM's public record still shows a pending case titled for a reactor and data center, unchanged since 26 May 2026 (mine-008).
How to answer: FOIA to BLM Utah State Office / Price Field Office for the case files of UTUT106784007, UTUT106801248 and UTUT106833224: SF-299 applications, plans of development, maps, pre-application meeting notes, cost-recovery agreements, correspondence with Valar, and any withdrawal letter.
The BLM public layer gives neither case a land description; the reported second Utah site has no public location.
How to answer: Same BLM FOIA as above; also watch the BLM layer for a legal description being added.
The lease map was produced on 9 April 2026 (mine-048), four months before the 7 August bid deadline; the notice named neither Valar nor the use (mine-012).
How to answer: GRAMA to Trust Lands for the SULA 2095 application (with its received date), the website posting date of the notice, the newspaper affidavit of publication, the list of adjoining landowners notified under R850-30-500, and the RDCC posting dates.
No agenda item or minutes entry approving it was found for May-September 2026 (mine-013); Emery County voted on its letter in public.
How to answer: GRAMA request to the Carbon County Clerk/Auditor: records of the letter's drafting and approval, and all correspondence with Valar Atomics, Trust Lands, SERDA and the Office of Energy Development about Sec. 16 T14S R11E, 1 Jan 2024 to date. Also read the commission's agendas for Jan-Apr 2026 and 2025 on the Utah Public Notice Website.
The memoranda say the lease terms were shaped there, and Valar presented on 28 July (mine-014).
How to answer: Search the Utah Public Notice Website for Trust Lands committee notices; GRAMA to Trust Lands for committee minutes, materials and the SULA 2095 application, development plan and appraisal.
Valar said 'currently purchasing' on 20 Aug 2026; ETV (28 July, per Valar) and the Inland Port Authority (10 Sept) say 'purchased', and ETV reported an annexation of Valar property into Orangeville (mine-018).
How to answer: Emery County Commission agendas and minutes (Utah Public Notice Website) for the sale; Emery County Recorder deed search; Orangeville City annexation records; GRAMA to Emery County for the purchase agreement.
It was filed two months after Valar's Green River application, crosses the same region and passes a few miles from the section approved for leasing to Valar (mine-049); no record read links it to Valar, so it is recorded only as a question.
How to answer: BLM case file (FOIA) or PacifiCorp's integrated resource plan and interconnection queue.
A Valar speaker called it 'very lightly loaded' and not a full core (mine-033); the safety agreement describes about 250 kg of heavy metal (orig-034); the state memo says it reached full power (mine-016).
How to answer: FOIA to DOE Idaho Operations Office for the approved DSA and the startup/core-loading records (see origins.json open questions).
The agenda listed it (mine-043); only an audio recording is posted, no minutes.
How to answer: Read the minutes when posted on the Utah Public Notice Website (Emery County Commission, public body 1425), or listen to the posted audio; GRAMA for the adopted ordinance.
Delaware incorporation is confirmed by the USPTO record (orig-051) and a copy of the California record shows a March 5, 2024 California registration (orig-052), but the formation date that would test the 'July 4, 2023' founding story (orig-053) is only in Delaware's registry, and Utah's registry (which would show a foreign registration to operate the Utah site) sits behind a bot check.
How to answer: By hand: search 'Valar Atomics' at icis.corp.delaware.gov (a person can pass the CAPTCHA; the free result shows the incorporation date and file number) and at businessregistration.utah.gov; or order a Delaware certificate of good standing. Ask Valar's press contact for its formation date.
Company documents conflict: NSDA lists 100 kWth continuous / 250 kWth tests and 4.95% LEU fuel; the NOVA release calls the fuel HALEU and 'the same' as Ward 250; press has called it a 5 MW reactor; an unfinished company post says 30 full-power days. DOE's May 2026 shipping review (Model 9979 SER) cleared HALEU compacts up to 19.9% for Ward 250, so the fuel question now turns on whether the approved DSA was updated from the NSDA's 4.95% (disc-001).
How to answer: FOIA to DOE Idaho Operations Office for the approved Ward 250 DSA, Technical Safety Requirements, startup authorization, readiness-review report and the DOE-Valar Other Transaction Agreement; also ask whether DOE posts these in a public reading room.
It shows Valar studying a second Emery County site beyond the state lab by February 2026.
How to answer: Emery County Commission minutes for Feb 17, 2026 (Utah Public Notice Website) and the Emery County parcel viewer/recorder; GRAMA to Emery County for the signed MOU.
The only power figures found are company statements (10 kWt on June 22; 'full power days later'); Deseret News wrote '100 kilowatts of electricity', which cannot match a 100 kWt thermal limit.
How to answer: DOE Idaho Operations Office operational reports or a FOIA for power-ascension records; ask DOE's Office of Nuclear Energy press office.
In April 2026 PNRI's director said the project had DOST approval and was seeking a site on University of the Philippines land, with completion in two to three years (orig-064); Valar calls the PNRI agreement the world's first binding Coordinated Research Project (orig-066), which could not be checked.
How to answer: Philippine Freedom of Information request (eFOI portal, foi.gov.ph) to PNRI for the Valar / Valar Atomics Research Institute agreement, the licence application to PNRI's regulatory division and the DOST approval; the University of the Philippines Diliman's decision on the site; the Philippine SEC record for Valar Atomics Research Institute.
Two engineers calculated a lethal dose in seconds or less; no written response Taylor promised has been found; the claim was still on the company site on 2026-09-29, and between March and July 2026 the page was tagged to ask search engines not to list it without any change to the text (orig-061).
How to answer: Recheck https://www.valaratomics.com/docs/Valar-Atomics-is-Suing-the-NRC; ask Valar's press contact listed on its site.
Fuel-making at the Emery County site would be a separate nuclear facility with its own hazards; the QA plan describes it, but no authorization or construction record was found.
How to answer: DOE Fuel Line Pilot Program announcements and FOIA to DOE Idaho Operations Office; Utah DEQ Division of Waste Management and Radiation Control records (GRAMA).
Valar's NSDA credits Ward Zero testing for natural circulation and reactor-cavity cooling and uses it to justify a final safety analysis at 90% design, and its QA plan lets Ward Zero data count as design verification (orig-059); no test report is public and the only 'whitepaper' page holds the text of a 2019 essay by another author, not Ward Zero data (orig-058).
How to answer: FOIA to DOE Idaho Operations Office for Ward Zero test reports, data and any DOE review of them submitted with the Ward 250 PDSA and DSA; ask Valar to publish the Ward Zero test results.
It is the contract behind Ward 250, on the federal record at $0 from October 22, 2025 to July 4, 2027 (orig-055), but its text is not public.
How to answer: FOIA to DOE Idaho Operations Office for OTA DENE0009560 and all modifications, milestone reports and deliverables (for example the QAPD and NSDA approvals Valar cites).
Valar says it 'provided' the fuel (orig-032) and will make its own fuel in the future (orig-070), but no record read names the manufacturer, and DOE's shipping review shows the fuel came from Los Alamos's Nevada facility (safe-010).
How to answer: FOIA to NNSA Nevada Field Office and DOE Office of Nuclear Energy for fuel transfer and receipt records for Project NOVA and Ward 250, and any HALEU allocation to Valar; ask DOE-NE's press office.
Every other record puts Valar in El Segundo or Hawthorne (orig-036); the Torrance address appears only on the RW 453 notice (fld-002).
How to answer: Carbon County Recorder's copy of the RW 453 location notice (recorded within 30 days of September 12, 2026) and BLM's MLRS case file once recorded; Los Angeles County business records by hand; ask Valar.
The tag appeared between March 23 and July 22, 2026, weeks after Mother Jones carried the engineers' rebuttal nationally; no correction to the text was found (orig-061).
How to answer: Ask Valar's press contact (listed on its site); Site Watch will record any later change to the post.
Every registry and federal record read names Valar Atomics Inc., a Delaware corporation; no 'Valar Atomics Limited' appears in the UK register (orig-037).
How to answer: Ask Valar; check the Philippine SEC register for Valar Atomics Research Institute and any 'Limited' entity; DOE's copy of the approved documents (FOIA) would show the submitting entity.
The USPTO search site now sits behind a bot check, so this pass could not confirm the earlier finding that only the company name was filed (orig-051, orig-069). Filings show how a company intends to use its product names.
How to answer: By hand at tmsearch.uspto.gov: search owner 'Valar Atomics' and each word mark; any hit's serial number opens in TSDR.
Valar's public safety documents name roles, not people; the founder and operations head have no nuclear background (ppl-001, ppl-004), so who actually holds reactor-safety authority day to day matters.
How to answer: FOIA to DOE Idaho Operations Office for the approved Ward 250 DSA chapters on organization and conduct of operations, operator training and qualification records, and the Readiness Assessment report; ask Valar's press contact.
Officials say they worked with Valar 'since the beginning' (ppl-020, ppl-027) while the public record named the site only in August 2026. The correspondence would show what officials knew and when.
How to answer: GRAMA requests to the Carbon County Commission/Clerk, the Utah Office of Energy Development, the Governor's Office of Economic Opportunity, the Southeastern Utah Association of Local Governments (SERDA) and the Trust Lands Administration for all correspondence, calendars and meeting notes with Valar Atomics staff (Isaiah Taylor, Max Ukropina, Jess Housekeeper, Harry Hansen, Cory Gardner), 1 January 2024 to 17 September 2026.
It is the only government-linked item in his pre-Valar career and rests on his own account (ppl-001).
How to answer: Ask Valar's press contact; if an employer is named, search USAspending.gov awards for that employer.
He became Acting Deputy Attorney General on 10 August 2026 (ppl-023); the suit remains unresolved.
How to answer: FOIA to DOJ (Office of the Deputy Attorney General / Departmental Ethics Office) for his ethics agreement and any recusal or waiver covering Texas et al. v. NRC; the court docket (PACER) for the list of counsel.
Federal lobbying is disclosed (ppl-011, ppl-012); state-level lobbying of the Legislature and agencies that decide the Carbon site is not yet checked.
How to answer: By hand: lobbyist.utah.gov public search for principal 'Valar' (our tools are barred by robots.txt), or ask the Lieutenant Governor's elections office.
Sen. Hinkins credited the Legislature and the Community Impact Board with support that kept costs off local taxpayers (ppl-017).
How to answer: Permanent Community Impact Fund Board agendas and minutes (Utah Public Notice Website) and a GRAMA request to the Housing and Community Development Division for USREL / Emery County applications and awards, 2024-2026.
The statement conflicts with Valar's own 400 m accident-analysis boundary (ppl-021, safe-014).
How to answer: Emery County Commission minutes and audio for the April 2026 meeting with the public hearing on the sale of county property to Valar (Utah Public Notice Website, body 1425), or a GRAMA request for the recording.
Reports through Q2 2026 list Congress only (ppl-011).
How to answer: lda.gov filings for client 'Valar Atomics' after the 20 October 2026 deadline.
The only dated report (a TBPN post on X) could not be read; ppl-005's date is null.
How to answer: Ask Valar's press contact; a resident can check Valar's SEC Form D 'related persons' amendments by hand (EDGAR needs a contact User-Agent).
The only link is a name match to an OSTI record that places him with Westinghouse, not PBMR Ltd. (ppl-007); Valar's documents do not name him.
How to answer: Ask Valar's press contact; FOIA to DOE Idaho Operations Office for the Ward 250 DSA chapter on organization and key personnel.
DOE has confirmed only zero-power criticality; Valar's statements put full power on June 21, 'shortly after' criticality, or 'days later', and its only published data is an unlabeled chart (plan-005, plan-006, plan-007, plan-009).
How to answer: FOIA to DOE Idaho Operations Office for Ward 250's startup approval, Joint Test Group records, power ascension hold-point approvals, the Certificate of Readiness and operating (power history) reports submitted under OTA DENE0009560.
Two company statements a day apart cannot both describe the same moment; the state board voted with the June 21 date in its packet (plan-009).
How to answer: GRAMA request to the Trust Lands Administration for the application materials Valar submitted for SULA 2095-OBA (the source of the applicant description); the DOE FOIA above for the power log.
Valar's NSDA gives about 18 months from authorization to decommissioning, DOE's environmental review 24 months; Valar now calls the site permanent (plan-003).
How to answer: FOIA to DOE Idaho for the approved DSA's decommissioning chapter and the OTA's milestone schedule; ask DOE-ID's NEPA office whether a new review is planned for any successor reactor.
The only approved Valar paper covering it is sized for a 12-month demonstration; Valar tells councils it will be the largest US maker of TRISO fuel; job posts describe a pilot moving to production (plan-015).
How to answer: FOIA to DOE Idaho and DOE-NE (Fuel Line Pilot Program) for Valar's fuel-line NSDA, hazard categorization and any authorization; GRAMA to Utah DEQ Division of Waste Management and Radiation Control for any radioactive-materials license application naming Valar.
The only fuel supply on record is DOE-approved shipments from NCERC; the fabricator and owner are not named anywhere read (plan-014).
How to answer: FOIA to DOE Savannah River Operations Office and NNSA Nevada Field Office for shipment records under the Model 9979 amendment (Revision 20, Letter Amendment 1); FOIA to DOE-NE for any HALEU transfer or loan agreement with Valar.
A turbine program is the step from a heat-only test reactor to one that makes useful electricity; the state approved only design work (plan-018).
How to answer: GRAMA to the Office of Energy Development / Utah Energy Research Board for the Valar sCO2 agreement, Phase 1 deliverables and any Phase 2 decision; GRAMA to Utah DEQ Division of Air Quality for any Notice of Intent or permit naming Valar.
Selling power needs an NRC license; the job post implies a commercial site in development that no public record names (plan-011, plan-020).
How to answer: Search NRC ADAMS for 'Valar' (pre-application meeting notices and summaries are public; by hand); GRAMA to GOED for Valar's incentive application file (site description); ask Valar directly.
The record shows an announced study only; no reactor Valar has built or had authorized could power 30 MW (plan-010).
How to answer: Ask NVIDIA and Valar; check Orangeville and Emery County land-use applications and GOED's incentive file for a data-center component.
Valar says its near-term plan is behind-the-meter sales to premium customers; no utility contract was found, and the PSC site blocks automated readers (plan-013).
How to answer: Search the PSC docket index by hand; GRAMA request to the Utah Public Service Commission and the Division of Public Utilities for any filing or correspondence naming Valar.
DOE's May 2026 packaging approval describes HALEU fuel blocks for Ward 250; Valar's only public safety agreement analyses 4.95% fuel (safe-010, safe-011, disc-001).
How to answer: FOIA to DOE Idaho Operations Office for the approved DSA (fuel specification and core loading), the fuel receipt records at USREL, and the NMMSS transaction records for shipments from NCERC; FOIA to NNSA Nevada Field Office for records of fuel transfers from NCERC to Valar.
The NSDA's numbers disagree with each other and with Valar's later statements (safe-008, safe-009, disc-002).
How to answer: FOIA to DOE Idaho Operations Office: PDSA, final DSA, TSRs, DOE's Safety Evaluation Report(s), the startup approval and any approval to exceed 100 kWth.
Every approval date is known only from Valar's own statements (safe-006, safe-027).
How to answer: FOIA to DOE Idaho Operations Office and DOE-NE for the approval letters and delegation of Startup Approval Authority.
A 400 m radius needs about 124 acres; the host lab is 20.6 acres (safe-014).
How to answer: The DSA site description (FOIA to DOE-ID); GRAMA to the Utah Office of Energy Development for the USREL site plan, the Valar site lease/use agreement and any access-control agreements with Emery County or neighbouring owners. GRAMA to Emery County for the deed or sale agreement for the roughly 110 acres north of the lab (mine-018), to see whether it lies within 400 m of the reactor.
The NSDA requested it; DOE-STD-1271 gives emergency management no stated opt-out; no plan or exercise record is public (safe-016).
How to answer: FOIA to DOE-ID for the approved emergency management program; GRAMA to Emery County Emergency Management, the Emery County Fire Protection District (fire protection plans signed after Dec 2025) and the Sheriff for plans, agreements, exercise reports and notification procedures involving Valar.
The NSDA replaces DOE's worker rule with OSHA standards, while DOE's standard says DOE authorization can be exempt from OSHA requirements (safe-017).
How to answer: FOIA to DOE-ID for the 10 CFR 851 exemption request and decision; GRAMA to Utah Labor Commission (UOSH) for any jurisdiction determination, inspections or complaints concerning Valar at USREL.
DOE's occurrence database is closed to the public (safe-033).
How to answer: FOIA to DOE-ID for all ORPS/NE O 232.1 occurrence reports, noncompliance reports and accident investigations for Ward 250 and the Valar fuel line; FOIA to NNSA Nevada Field Office for NOVA.
DOE's CX names only an unnamed 'DOE-approved facility'; Utah's exemption requires a DWMRC permit that has not been found (safe-023, csite-023).
How to answer: FOIA to DOE-ID for the OTA's waste and decommissioning terms and spent-fuel disposition plan; GRAMA to Utah DWMRC for any application or permit under Utah Code 19-3-321.
Job postings show uranium processing equipment being installed; no NSDA or authorization is public (safe-031).
How to answer: FOIA to DOE-ID for the Fuel Line Pilot Program agreement, NSDA or hazard categorization for the Valarin/VASR fuel facility; GRAMA to Utah DWMRC for any radioactive-materials license or registration.
The NSDA asserts them; none was found (safe-034).
How to answer: GRAMA to the Utah Department of Environmental Quality and the Utah Division of Emergency Management for agreements with DOE covering Ward 250 or USREL; FOIA to DOE-ID for the same.
Both documents promise monitoring and reporting; no data are public (safe-024).
How to answer: FOIA to DOE-ID for environmental monitoring and NESHAP determinations; FOIA to EPA Region 8 for any Subpart H correspondence; GRAMA to Utah DEQ for monitoring data received.
The case was stayed in 2025 for settlement talks; later status could not be read (safe-028).
How to answer: By hand: the Eastern District of Texas docket on PACER or CourtListener; the Utah Attorney General's office.
The demonstration rests on Valar's account (safe-020).
How to answer: FOIA to DOE-ID for the startup test plan, Joint Test Group records and power-ascension logs; ask Valar for the published data it promised in its 28 June draft post.
A small date mismatch in Valar's own materials; the startup log would also show the power history before the 26 June cooling test (safe-019, safe-020).
How to answer: FOIA to DOE Idaho Operations Office for the Joint Test Group records and startup test log for Ward 250 (initial criticality date and time, power ascension hold points).